26 Maret 2009

VOLCANO OF INDONESIA


Indonesian tectonic pattern influenced by subduction zone of Eurasian, Indo-Australia and Pacifik Plate. this subduction zone caused Indonesia has many volcanoes, there are 129 active volvanoes, and make this country the largest volcanic area in the world.

Indonesian archipelago (6° N to 11° S Lat. and 95° to 141° East Long.) consist of more than 13,000 islands, covering an area of nearly 2 millions square km. More than 33,000 square km are covered by the volcanic products. Since more less 1000 years ago up to now, there are 175,000 victims by the volcanic eruptions.

Indonesia is a country which has most active volcano arc in the world. At least 129 active volcanoes spread out in Sumatera, Java, Bali, Nusa Tenggara, North Sulawesi, Maluku and Banda. The two volcanic belt to come across in Indonesia, that are Mediterane and Pasific circle. A big eruption occurred average of every three years, where as small eruption occurred every time. Since more less 200 year ago up to now, there are 175.000 victims claimed the volcanic eruption and in thousands acre agriculture/arable lands was damaged caused by volcanic eruption. The big eruption which claimed victims, like Krakatau (1883) in Sunda strait and Tambora (1815) in Sumbawa island each claimed of 36.000 and 80.000 victims.

According to Katili (1975) this row of active volcanoes can be divided into five volcanoes belt, namely:

1. Sunda Volcano Belt in Sumatra, Java, Bali and Nusa.Tenggara, which is connected to the trench West Sumatera, South Java, Bali, Lombok, Flores and Sumbawa

2. Banda Volcano belt which is connected to Banda trench.

3. West Halmahera Volcano Belt which is connected to Halmahera trench

4. Central Sulawesi Volcano cluster in Tomini bay which is connected to North Sulawesi Trench.

5. North Sulawesi-Sangihe Volcano belt which is connected to Davao-Minahasa trench.

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